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房地产并购重组需谨慎处理三大关键点******

　　王丽新

　　新年伊始，房企处置资产、启动并购重组计划不断出炉。据不完全统计，自2022年11月底“第三支箭”落地以来，涉房企业披露的收并购案总交易对价超过576亿元。

　　支持房企股权融资的“第三支箭”发出，正进一步有效化解房企风险，加快推动行业风险出清，对“稳预期、稳信心、稳投资”起到重要作用。但从实操层面来看，其中涉及并购重组的交易资金规模大、并购程序繁琐，方案是否成功也存在不确定性。在笔者看来，这期间，上市房企需谨慎处理三大关键点。

　　并购前期，需理性选择适合企业自身的并购标的。在当下的市场格局中，稳健型房企有发展优势、有扩表需求，可供其“挑选”的资产标的池子也很大。但不同企业业务布局、细分市场话语权、主力产品业态以及战略发展方向均各有特色，背后的大股东资源也不尽相同。并购重组是企业发展历程中的大事，需顺应市场需求，仔细甄别被并购标的资产质量、经营状况、企业文化与管理等方方面面是否与自身匹配，不能盲目选择标的，要“补短板优长处”，采用合理的估值方法进行评估，实现“1+1＞2”效应。

　　并购中期，需做好尽调以及匹配最优的并购方式。不同于其他行业，房地产行业并购重组涉及的资产标的多数都是正在开发或销售的项目，周期较长，少则一两年多则十年八年才能清盘交付，这其中参与方较多，夹杂“明股实债”等现象，背后的债权关系复杂，需充分尽调，确保风险指数处在可控范围内且有收益空间，谨慎对待再出手。

　　此外，涉及并购重组的双方都应跟随政策节点，谨慎考量支付以及融资方式，无论是向特定投资者非公开发行股份募资，还是现金支付等，都需最大可能地寻找长期且成本较低的资金。毕竟，合理的并购方式能确保企业在并购过程中及时避免和合理应对风险，进而保证现金流安全。

　　并购后期，需注重业务协同及资源整合，达到提升效益的目的。当闯过前面的重重难关，并购项目进入落地阶段时，往往是实现有质量的并购重组最重要的一环。若企业实施并购重组后能在业务、经营、财务以及人力等方面达到很好地融合，其成果将快速在财务报表及业务模式方面形成良性循环。反之，并购标的则会成为收购方业绩表现的“拖油瓶”。

　　更重要的是，要想实施好房地产行业并购重组，需强化对上市房企、涉房上市公司并购重组、再融资的监管力度。一方面，收购方收进来的须是优质资产，才能更好地发挥资本市场优化资源配置的作用；另一方面，上市房企、涉房上市公司的再融资，需市场主体有真正融资和业务需求才能启动，更要保证并购重组的配套融资真正用在方案提及的项目以及“保交付”的项目中，否则会与发出“第三支箭”的初衷背道而驰。

　　总体而言，在行业风险持续出清过程中，并购重组活动有望逐渐增加。企业整合资源后，经营状况有望改善，同时将淘汰落后企业，改善产业结构，优化行业资产负债表，推动房地产行业朝着更好的方向发展。

中新网评：美国众议长选举“连续剧”暴露美式民主痼疾******

　　中新网北京1月9日电(蒋鲤)在15轮投票表决后，美国众议院议长选举这场“连续剧”终于落下帷幕，众议院共和党领袖凯文·麦卡锡最终成功当选第55任美国众议院议长。这是美国国会过去164年来耗时最久的一次议长选举记录，将美国“对抗式民主”的弊端暴露无遗。

　　资料图：美国众议院共和党领袖麦卡锡。中新社记者 沙晗汀摄

　　由于两党对立加剧、党派内斗、利益分配不均等因素，众议长选举陷入一场拉锯战。在此次众议长竞选中，美国民主党议员继续抱团，多轮投票中，一票不投麦卡锡，共和党右翼“强硬派”领头的约20人小团体也拒绝投票麦卡锡。

　　麦卡锡的当选之路一波三折，除了本人的“政治投机派”角色在国会不受欢迎外，与共和党内部政治分歧关系密切。

　　一方面，共和党党内反对者认为，麦卡锡对民主党态度过于软弱，无力对抗民主党控制的参议院和拜登政府，另一方面，因为共和党的多数优势微弱，党内一些影响力较小的派系的政治力量则被放大，有利于他们巩固自己的选票。

　　此外，党内反对者也认为，自己的选票没有换取更多利益，希望以此作为筹码换取麦卡锡更大的让步，比如让他们获得众议院重要委员会中的职务。

　　作为仅次于美国总统、副总统的政坛三号人物，众议院议长通常由众议院多数党领袖担任，选举几乎没有悬念。然而，麦卡锡此次为当选，不得不做出多个关键让步，其中可能包括恢复一项罢黜议长动议机制，使得众议长的权力被削弱，难以掌控众议院。

　　美国有线电视新闻网CNN称，麦卡锡在这场不合时宜的政治勒索中作出让步，这种绥靖政策只会让极端主义势力更加强大。

　　这场引发全世界围观的尴尬选举暴露出美国政治存在严重的对立和分化。在权力博弈思维的裹挟下，党派利益凌驾于国家和人民利益之上，美国两党相互拆台，陷入“为反对而反对”的无脑对垒。而即便是一党内，也会因为利益分配问题产生不同的小派系，相互对抗，选票变成了谋利益的工具。

　　从国会山骚乱到打破记历史记录的15轮众议长选举，“对抗式民主”让美国政治陷入瓶颈，长期对抗势必会让政客们丧失客观公正的判断能力，其政治阶层是否有能力治理国家也会引发质疑。

　　两党之争和党派内斗进一步放大了美国政治体制弊病，美国所谓的“民主”形象，让全世界大跌眼镜。鼓吹以选民利益为先的美式选举，变成了政客们利益置换的游戏，进一步彰显出美国“民主政治”日渐失能，不断极化的党争已使美国政治制度陷入死循环。

　　House speaker election reveals deep-rooted problems in U.S. democracy

　　(ECNS) -- The Republican leader Kevin McCarthy was elected as the 55th speaker of the U.S. House of Representatives after 15 ballots. As the most grueling House speaker election in the past 164 years, the election has highlighted the defects of the country’s "confrontational democracy".

　　The election once reached a stalemate due to intense partisan strife, inner-party struggle among the Republicans, uneven distribution of interests, and more. Democratic Party members forged a close alliance, refusing to vote for McCarthy, while about 20 Republicans also declined to cast ballots for the GOP leader.

　　Except for his unpopular role as a "political speculator" in Congress, McCarthy’s hard-won election can be attributed to turmoil within the Republican Party.

　　On the one hand, opponents in the Republican Party believe that the GOP leader's attitude toward the Democrats is too weak to confront the Senate controlled by Democrats and the Biden administration.

　　On the other hand, the political power of some less influential factions in the Republican Party has been amplified due to the Party’s weak majority advantage in the House of Representatives, which is conducive to consolidating their ticket warehouses.

　　Meanwhile, these opponents believe that their votes failed to win them more benefits, hoping to use this as a bargaining chip for McCarthy's further concessions, such as getting them positions in important House Committees.

　　As the third political figure after the President and Vice President of the U.S., the speaker, by tradition, is the head of the majority party in the House of Representatives.

　　But McCarthy has made many concessions in order to bring the ultra conservatives along, involving what’s known as the “motion to vacate,” a mechanism by which members can force a vote to depose the speaker. The reported concessions will empower individual members at the expense of McCarthy’s sway as speaker.

　　CNN thought the concessions he made during this unseemly political shakedown would only make the extremist faction more powerful.

　　This embarrassing election, which has drawn global attention, exposed the serious opposition and polarization in American politics. Both Democrats and Republicans put their interests before that of the country and its people, attacking and opposing each other irrationally.

　　Besides, different factions arise within a single party and confront each other because of the distribution of interests. Votes have become a tool to win more benefits.

　　From Capitol riots to the House Speaker election with record-breaking ballots, "confrontational democracy" has become a bottleneck of American politics. Long-term confrontation will surely impede politicians to think objectively and fairly while their capacity of governing the country will also raise doubts among the public.

　　Both parties’ struggle and infighting among the Republicans have further amplified the defects of the American political system, with its "democratic" image shocking the world.

　　The U.S.-style election, which advocates putting voters' interests first, has become a game of interest exchange among politicians. In addition, it further demonstrates the malfunction of American "democratic politics" and the constantly polarized party struggle that has trapped the American political system into an infinite cycle.

　　（文图：赵筱尘 巫邓炎）