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2023年春运今日启动 全国铁路首日预计发送旅客630万人次******

　　光明网讯（记者 陶媛）1月7日，记者从中国国家铁路集团有限公司（以下简称“国铁集团”）获悉：2023年春运今日正式启动，自1月7日至2月15日，为期40天，春运首日全国铁路预计发送旅客630万人次。

　　据介绍，今年春运形势总体比较平稳，学生流、务工流、探亲流、旅游流等基本出行需求保持一定规模，铁路客流呈现回暖趋势。铁路部门将用好去年新开通的郑渝高铁、湖杭高铁、银兰高铁、京唐城际、新成昆铁路、北京丰台站等新线新站资源和新投用复兴号动车组等先进装备，增强路网整体功能，提升客运能力。按照“充足安排、按需启动，响应快速、应急有备”原则，科学制定客车开行方案，节前高峰日最高可开行旅客列车6077对，节后高峰日最高可开行旅客列车6107对，最大客座能力较疫情前的2019年春运增长11%。

　　春运期间，全国铁路将强化车站客流组织，严格控制列车客座率，引导旅客有序分散进站候车，保持安全距离，营造健康安全出行环境。国铁集团积极提升旅客购票服务体验：优化铁路12306系统功能，持续开展适老化和无障碍化改造，为老年人和障碍人士购票提供便利；学生优惠票不再规定乘车时间限制，每学年（10月1日至次年9月30日）任意时间可购买4次单程的学生优惠票；年满6周岁且未满14周岁的儿童可购买儿童优惠票，将惠及更多儿童旅客。

　　同时，铁路部门将在全国3200余组动车组列车上推行铁路畅行扫码服务，旅客通过扫描座椅扶手上的“铁路畅行码”，可顺畅查询列车正晚点、运行位置、接续车次、交通接驳等出行服务信息，办理餐饮选购、补票升席、查找遗失品等业务。大力拓展互联网订餐站点，将开展互联网订餐的车站由55个增加到76个，覆盖全国铁路枢纽和客流较大车站。安排站内便捷换乘的车站由80个增至100个，完善车站服务设备设施与引导标识，提升旅客中转换乘效率。

　　据了解，春运期间，铁路部门将根据国家疫情防控政策优化调整和客货运需求变化，动态调整列车开行方案，不断改进疫情防控和运输服务举措，努力提升广大旅客货主服务体验。请旅客朋友及时关注“铁路12306”网站和“中国铁路”微信公众号发布的信息，合理安排行程，旅途中加强自身健康防护，配合做好站车防疫工作，共同维护春运良好出行环境。

中新网评：美国众议长选举“连续剧”暴露美式民主痼疾******

　　中新网北京1月9日电(蒋鲤)在15轮投票表决后，美国众议院议长选举这场“连续剧”终于落下帷幕，众议院共和党领袖凯文·麦卡锡最终成功当选第55任美国众议院议长。这是美国国会过去164年来耗时最久的一次议长选举记录，将美国“对抗式民主”的弊端暴露无遗。

　　资料图：美国众议院共和党领袖麦卡锡。中新社记者 沙晗汀摄

　　由于两党对立加剧、党派内斗、利益分配不均等因素，众议长选举陷入一场拉锯战。在此次众议长竞选中，美国民主党议员继续抱团，多轮投票中，一票不投麦卡锡，共和党右翼“强硬派”领头的约20人小团体也拒绝投票麦卡锡。

　　麦卡锡的当选之路一波三折，除了本人的“政治投机派”角色在国会不受欢迎外，与共和党内部政治分歧关系密切。

　　一方面，共和党党内反对者认为，麦卡锡对民主党态度过于软弱，无力对抗民主党控制的参议院和拜登政府，另一方面，因为共和党的多数优势微弱，党内一些影响力较小的派系的政治力量则被放大，有利于他们巩固自己的选票。

　　此外，党内反对者也认为，自己的选票没有换取更多利益，希望以此作为筹码换取麦卡锡更大的让步，比如让他们获得众议院重要委员会中的职务。

　　作为仅次于美国总统、副总统的政坛三号人物，众议院议长通常由众议院多数党领袖担任，选举几乎没有悬念。然而，麦卡锡此次为当选，不得不做出多个关键让步，其中可能包括恢复一项罢黜议长动议机制，使得众议长的权力被削弱，难以掌控众议院。

　　美国有线电视新闻网CNN称，麦卡锡在这场不合时宜的政治勒索中作出让步，这种绥靖政策只会让极端主义势力更加强大。

　　这场引发全世界围观的尴尬选举暴露出美国政治存在严重的对立和分化。在权力博弈思维的裹挟下，党派利益凌驾于国家和人民利益之上，美国两党相互拆台，陷入“为反对而反对”的无脑对垒。而即便是一党内，也会因为利益分配问题产生不同的小派系，相互对抗，选票变成了谋利益的工具。

　　从国会山骚乱到打破记历史记录的15轮众议长选举，“对抗式民主”让美国政治陷入瓶颈，长期对抗势必会让政客们丧失客观公正的判断能力，其政治阶层是否有能力治理国家也会引发质疑。

　　两党之争和党派内斗进一步放大了美国政治体制弊病，美国所谓的“民主”形象，让全世界大跌眼镜。鼓吹以选民利益为先的美式选举，变成了政客们利益置换的游戏，进一步彰显出美国“民主政治”日渐失能，不断极化的党争已使美国政治制度陷入死循环。

　　House speaker election reveals deep-rooted problems in U.S. democracy

　　(ECNS) -- The Republican leader Kevin McCarthy was elected as the 55th speaker of the U.S. House of Representatives after 15 ballots. As the most grueling House speaker election in the past 164 years, the election has highlighted the defects of the country’s "confrontational democracy".

　　The election once reached a stalemate due to intense partisan strife, inner-party struggle among the Republicans, uneven distribution of interests, and more. Democratic Party members forged a close alliance, refusing to vote for McCarthy, while about 20 Republicans also declined to cast ballots for the GOP leader.

　　Except for his unpopular role as a "political speculator" in Congress, McCarthy’s hard-won election can be attributed to turmoil within the Republican Party.

　　On the one hand, opponents in the Republican Party believe that the GOP leader's attitude toward the Democrats is too weak to confront the Senate controlled by Democrats and the Biden administration.

　　On the other hand, the political power of some less influential factions in the Republican Party has been amplified due to the Party’s weak majority advantage in the House of Representatives, which is conducive to consolidating their ticket warehouses.

　　Meanwhile, these opponents believe that their votes failed to win them more benefits, hoping to use this as a bargaining chip for McCarthy's further concessions, such as getting them positions in important House Committees.

　　As the third political figure after the President and Vice President of the U.S., the speaker, by tradition, is the head of the majority party in the House of Representatives.

　　But McCarthy has made many concessions in order to bring the ultra conservatives along, involving what’s known as the “motion to vacate,” a mechanism by which members can force a vote to depose the speaker. The reported concessions will empower individual members at the expense of McCarthy’s sway as speaker.

　　CNN thought the concessions he made during this unseemly political shakedown would only make the extremist faction more powerful.

　　This embarrassing election, which has drawn global attention, exposed the serious opposition and polarization in American politics. Both Democrats and Republicans put their interests before that of the country and its people, attacking and opposing each other irrationally.

　　Besides, different factions arise within a single party and confront each other because of the distribution of interests. Votes have become a tool to win more benefits.

　　From Capitol riots to the House Speaker election with record-breaking ballots, "confrontational democracy" has become a bottleneck of American politics. Long-term confrontation will surely impede politicians to think objectively and fairly while their capacity of governing the country will also raise doubts among the public.

　　Both parties’ struggle and infighting among the Republicans have further amplified the defects of the American political system, with its "democratic" image shocking the world.

　　The U.S.-style election, which advocates putting voters' interests first, has become a game of interest exchange among politicians. In addition, it further demonstrates the malfunction of American "democratic politics" and the constantly polarized party struggle that has trapped the American political system into an infinite cycle.

　　（文图：赵筱尘 巫邓炎）